CH 13: MOTIVATION AND EMOTION

Motivation is fundamental because without motivation we would not have impulses or desires to accomplish anything. There are several theories of motivation because it is really not known where motivation truly comes from. There are biological needs and psychological needs as well. These are important for survival and our everyday life.

             A motive is a stimulus that moves a person to act in a certain way to accomplish a specific goal. A need is a condition in which we require something we do not have. Drives are forces that motivate an organism to take action. There are several theories of motivation. One can see the instinct theory where behavior patterns are passed on genetically from generation to generation. There is also the drive reduction theory which states that one experiences a drive coming form a need as an unpleasant tension and do anything to reduce that tension. There is also the humanistic theory suggests that one is motivated by conscious desire of self growth. The sociocultural theory states that certain drives are inborn but the ways we satisfy them are learned from our culture.

            The biological needs are those like the requiring of food, water or sleep. Focusing on the hunger drives, three organs focus on this drive these include the mouth, the stomach, and hypothalamus.  The mouth sends certain signals that come from the sensation of chewing that satisfy the hunger drive. When the hunger drive is strong,  the stomach contracts. The hypothalamus has two parts fundamental for the hunger drive. These are the (LH) and the (VMH). The (LH) is the start eating center. The (VMH) is the stop eating center.

            Psychological needs are also quite important.  We naturally desire sensory stimulation and do not like sensory depravation. There are also certain people that have high achievement motivation that meet high personal standards. There are two types of goals. The performance goals which are those specific goals like gaining a college admission. There are also learning goal which is driven simply by learning. There are rewards such as intrinsic rewards like self fulfilment and extrinsic rewards like good grades. The development of the achievement motivation is highly influenced by our parents. Balance is also under a psychological need. There are theories that follow this such as the cognitive consistency. Here one acts the way one believes one should act. Also the  balance theory that one should organize their opinions and share them with people who also share these same opinions. The cognitive dissonance theory states that people are motivated to reduce imbalance.  Finally, another psychological need is affiliation or being a part of something bigger than oneself. One way how this can be reflected is by making friends.

            Emotions are also important because they affect the way we act think and certain drives as well. An interesting fact is that emotions are universal.

            Motivation is only theory driven. However it is quite interesting because we know it is there. Without it we would have no ambitions or no drives to do anything at all. It is seen how motivation is seen both physically and psychologically. What would be of the world it there was no motivation? There would be no significant thing because nobody would be motivated to do anything.

Consists of motivational logos and a motivational slogan as well.